Does Iron Tablets Make Your Shit Green

"The Last Queen of the Spanish Habsburgs"

"Mariana of Neuburg Queen of Spain"

seventeenth century began the decline of a foreign family in Spain, the Habsburgs, a dynasty that had the power of a kingdom for nearly 200 years, the desperation of the Habsburgs to see his sick last monarch King Charles II, being unable to give an heir to consolidate the power of the Austrian family on the English throne, was a hope to believe this when he married Maria Luisa of Orleans, would have as a result the long-awaited heir to the English Crown, the same who died with the unexpected death of Queen Maria Luisa de Orleans.

Queen of Spain Maria Luisa de Orleans

Shortly after the death of Queen Maria Luisa of Orleans, the English ministers began to arrange a new marriage to the king, the main candidates Princess Tuscan Anna Maria Luisa de 'Medici and the German Princess Mariana of Neuburg. He was shown pictures of both girls to Charles II, who on looking, said

"The Tuscany is beautiful and of Neuburg can not say it's ugly." Then he turned his gaze to a portrait of the late Maria Luisa and after sighing, said: "This itself was beautiful."

Queen Maria Luisa de Orleans

Everything was on the verge of collapse in Spain with the reign of Charles II unable to, not because he is an evil ruler, but because his own health was catastrophic constant diarrhea, vomiting, fevers, seizures, no one thought would survive childhood, because it never formed part of a plan of government was not educated to reign, and the age of 10 could barely read and write, but was crowned King of Spain as Charles II to the death of his father, Philip IV, the ruler was his mother Queen Mariana of Austria until he reached the age of majority.

King of Spain Charles II

You had to take immediate action time passed and the king's health was getting worse again, like Spain which was in crisis, if there was an heir soon Habsburg have to face a war for succession to the throne of Spain, had to find a woman to do something about the impotence of the king and comply with the duty of a queen against a state monarchy. This lady should be of noble birth or having a fortune, but in this case the wealth was not important, since it needed an heir and nothing like a lady, a family that was known for the fertility of their female members , and the family was known that Neuburg and Mariana's mother, Isabel Amalia of Hesse-Darmstadt was nothing less that twenty children. Only about history Mariana was chosen by the English court to be the wife of Charles II and thus be like the Queen of Spain.

Mariana was born October 28, 1667, at the Palais des Benrath, Düsseldorf, Germany, was the number eleven of twenty-three brothers, was the daughter of the Duke Philip William of Bavaria-Neuburg Elector Palatine and his wife Isabel electriz Amalia of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was raised along with his sisters Mary Sophia, Sophia Dorothea Hedwig in the Castle of Neuburg in Germany. Physically she was thin, shapely body with big breasts, freckles and red hair, which led offensive comments on his arrival at the English court, as according to belief was the hair color of Lucifer and Judas Iscariot in the final color wrong. Mariana with King Charles II, were a couple too disproportionate.

Queen of Spain Mariana of Neuburg

Although this is carried out betrothal, and the marriage by proxy was in Germany on August 28, 1689, Mariana was leaving his family behind in Bavaria from his "great" future Queen of Spain, of course that she was not leaving the problem to be just a German princess and become the Queen of Spain, a large empire (in decline), the mission was to provide an heir. Mariana
's trip to the English court drive no less than eight months, was long and difficult, which finally ended with his arrival at the port of El Ferrol, in Galicia, on April 6, 1690.

On arrival at the Court showed no appreciation to the King himself did not expect very joy, and it was to meet him when they first met, showed no affection, awakening among the courtiers gossip that would not be happy, still in a development environment indifferent marriage on May 14, 1690 in Church of the Convent of San Diego within the Royal Palace complex of Valladolid. Mariana

no one came to Spain was very well accompanied by an entourage very particular, Baroness of Berlips that his voice was dubbed "the bush", Enrique Javier Wiser who suffered from a very noticeable limp, was called "the lame" and his personal physician Christian Geleen, which certainly mastered to perfection Castilian and that would hold the office of President of the College of Physicians of the House, of great importance in the court, that allowed him to be aware of everything happening in the palace, and so inform Mariana.

Mariana and his entourage of sycophants, had much influence at court by his intrigues, with which they would earn the antipathy of the courtiers and the English people since his arrival in Bavaria to Madrid.

The French Ambassador in Madrid briefly described the new position of Mariana of Neuburg in English Court:

Princess of Neuburg has gained such ascendancy on the spirit of King, her husband, who may well be said that it is she who rules and reigns Spain .... the charges and dignities accorded to that show performance, the merits, the range or the services provided do not take cover those opposed to his will, or saving them from disgrace and exile. Moreover, the authority of the Queen is based more on fear with his resentment that his love for the people ... ...

Mariana had hundreds of servants at his disposal, he liked the class demonstrate their power over all, it was authoritarian, capricious, vain, selfish and arrogant, strong-willed against its weak husband, the squandering what little money they had in the coffers, was that the people had even antipathy, as to them was required to pay higher taxes and food was scarce. The economy during the reign of Charles II was terrible and even there were times when the courtiers and kings themselves had no money, as in 1696 where Mariana was forced to pawn their best jewelry to pay a debt the king, and not Mariana liked to tighten their belts, complained when he could with his mother, saying his sister had been her best qualities and even its predecessor, Maria Luisa of Orleans brought a sumptuous dowry and jewels to Spain, to which his mother electriz Isabel replied:

is not true that the Queen is worse equipped than their sisters. Neither the Empress, or the Queen of Portugal and the Princess of Poland, received more than her. Of course you can not ever catch up with the daughter of the Duke of Orleans, brother of the world's richest monarch, but instead I find it shameful that the precision saw to pawn her jewels to cover her husband's needs ... ...

Portrait of Mariana of Neuburg horses

Mariana knew the importance for the crown of an heir and saw in it a way with which to manipulate the king and his courtiers, obviously faking pregnancies ended in false abortions, for the martyrdom of King and his Court, these lies were not said and done once or twice but that was eleven, so everything revolved around the alleged future Queen Mother, who were given the best care, because This was tolerated only in court but never accepted that unfortunately for Mariana could have fatal consequences in the future would regret until the day of his death.

False pregnancies of Queen Mariana of Neuburg, were concealed with the help of his lady are closest, the Baroness of Berlips he held at the palace office of Mayor of the Queen Waitress, come with it from Bavaria. For this reason, circulated in Madrid coplillas like this:

"The Partridge

powerful the monarch More

When the queen wants

Leave

pregnant."

Mariana

The provision of conceiving was great, he underwent various treatments and extravagant, which supposedly help from drinking mineral water, that several ladies of the court they had been served but that it was terrible also submitted to the friuras (cold foods), the problem was not really her but premature ejaculation of King Charles II.

The lack of descent of the royal couple was the reason appeared on the Madrid ditties alluding to the case. And among the locals, it was rumored that the marriage had not been consummated owing to the known disability of Charles II:

"Three Virgins are in Madrid, the Almudena, the Atocha and the queen, our lady."

Given the weakness of Charles II began to intervene in the work of government, contributing to the fall of the Count of Oropesa, Manuel Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo and Portugal, who as President of the Council of Castile had tried to cut spending real public so they could reduce taxes.

"Queen Mariana of Neuburg"

Mariana's relationship with his mother the Queen Mother Mariana of Austria (Vienna, 1634-Madrid, 1696) was tense and even had many public discussions. The strange thing is that these discussions were held in German language of the two, so the courtiers who were forced to witness could not intervene, ignoring what was the reason for the discussion.

Queen-Mother of Spain Mariana of Autria (dressed Bl)

Queen Mariana of Neuburg had to endure during the ten years of her marriage to Charles II, it's comparing always with his first wife Maria Luisa of Orleans (Paris, 1662-Madrid, 1689), with the phrase:

"This really was beautiful", his beloved and deceased wife.

that is

Mariana of Neuburg asked her husband Charles II, for permission to give his father, Philip William of Bavaria-Neuburg, Elector Palatine of Bavaria, the painting by Rubens, The Adoration of the Magi, to what Charles refused, claiming it was not a simple picture hanging to decorate, but was part of the Patrimony of the Crown and could not be given for any reason.

"The Adoration of the Magi" (Rubens)

not know how her husband managed to get away from those characters who tried to convince him that he could not have children because he was cursed and that he must undergo several exorcisms, that all they did was weaken further. These exorcisms, incidentally, were done secretly to avoid attracting the attention of the Inquisition, to the shame of the kings, church, doctors and society. The poor King was given a series of nasty potions that his frail health deteriorated so badly and seeing his condition, in one of these exorcisms Mariana decided to work together to support the King, two priests came to his room they started to speak in language invoking the demon to leave the body of the King, Mariana appalled by tremendous show ran from the room in her nightgown, was a scandal in the court, Dona Mariana of Neuburg asked the Council of the Inquisition if those methods were inadequate . In response, Father Froilan was processed.

"King Carlos II of Spain worshiping the Santa Forma"

Since 1695, Charles II began to accept that he would not have children, so he began thinking about succession. Three parties were formed and supporting three different candidates. One of these games was called the Marianas, and the Archduke Charles of Austria was surprisingly supported by the two Marianas, Mariana of Neuburg and Mariana of Austria, wife and mother of Charles II, respectively.

Portrait "idealized" Charles II

The October 3, 1700, Charles II, ignoring all sorts of pressure from his mother Mariana of Austria, and especially his wife Mariana of Neuburg, who until last advocated time and intrigued by that left as heir to the English throne, the Archduke Charles of Austria, tested for Felipe de Anjou, grandson of French King Louis XIV.

The main reason for the election of Philip of Anjou was the advice given to Charles II, Pope Innocent XII, which that time was faced with the then German Emperor Leopold I.

The Habsburg dynasty in Spain ended as it began, with the popular antipathy and hatred by the influence of the Flemish, and not only them but also the reign of Maria and her relatives Enrique Javier Wiser and Baroness of Berlips, who became unpopular not only because it interfered in matters of government, but also because they were involved in the sale of civil and ecclesiastical. After a terrible agony
(took 200 depositions, lost appetite, looked like a skeleton, breathing hard, had a high fever, spent two days in a coma) Carlos II dies November 1 in Madrid after test on October 3 in favor of Philip of Anjou "giving his soul to God to forty-nine past two p.m..", thus leaving Mariana alone and unprotected, gladly accepted the pension annuity that it left him in his will, and amounted to a figure of four hundred thousand ducats a year. Moreover, even ceded "the government and jurisdiction of the city that she chose to live ..."; to know the people that circulated several verses like this:

is terrible windstorm in Cordoba, Granada
I will not without being judge;
to Jerez'm not that great lady.
In Sevilla there is trade and not wanted,
because God has made me so selling;
going to tune bagpipes
Zamora's as bad as going to Talavera.
In Valencia there is very little substance,
lot of rice, flowers, venue and contrafuero
and end all I have disgust. More then anything

A block me Either be
Dauphine of France or stay in Madrid is what I want.

El Duque de Abrantes wrote the German Ambassador:
Dear friend: I have the pleasure of firing for ever to the House of Austria. "

Portrait of Charles II of Spain in the costume of the Order of Toiston Gold

The other two characters that accompanied Mariana of Neuburg from Bavaria to Spain: Enrique Javier Wiser El Cojo and Baroness of Berlips The Partridge, fled from Spain to Germany pursued by the English court, accusing them of some fraud in the sale of offices, because after death Charles II, Mariana of Neuburg could no longer protect lose all influence. Chistian

Geleen The doctor, who came to Mariana of Neuburg from Bavaria to Spain he was loyal to death.

According to the chronicles, after the death of Carlos II (Madrid, 1661-Madrid, 1700), the Board of Regency, which was established until the arrival of Philip of Anjou, to be named King, and which included the Mariana same of Neuburg, said with all deference to the latter, he should not stand in the enthronement in Spain of the House of Bourbon, to which Philip belonged. Mariana did not like came to the throne of Spain of a Frenchman. There were rumors

court and the people that once dead Mariana Carlos II, would find it impossible to marry Philip in order to insure its position in Spain.

When Philip of Anjou (Versailles, 1683-Madrid, 1746) came first in Spain on January 10, 1701, said Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero member of the Board of Regents, which would not be in Madrid when the Queen widow Mariana of Neuburg continue there. Mariana was forced to leave Madrid and the English court, he moved to Toledo, where he lived in the gloomy old fortress, where he spent several needs, so much so that she was forced to write to his family for financial support, in 1701 his brother John William of Neuburg wrote to his sister Leonor Empress:

As it relates to the Queen of Spain, heartily sorry for that poor unfortunate, but, in fact, has, by his misconduct, the blame for everything that happens, and find that what you ask your majesty is more desirable than practicable. But if you could help that poor woman and comfort her in their plight, would also be a great favor for me ... .... Desperate

in 1702 wrote to his mother Isabel electriz:

"Do not leave me alone and say a thousand things of my letters that there is in them, so I am forced to write no more. I have no more choice but to live among these people and keep me in their clutches. I have therefore to be patient until God have mercy on me. "

Despite several letters he wrote, had no choice but to continue living in the old Alcazar of Toledo, the situation is critical and in 1704 wrote to his mother again:

"... I completely abandoned, not give me my pension, or, at least, only a third ... so I have not just raised, nor I can have, because there is nothing to pay, and sometimes I have almost no food ... I am so unhappy that I can not trust anyone and I fear that all leave me. "

In 1706 the situation changed with the arrival of his nephew, the Archduke Charles of Austria to Spain, this took the city of Toledo with his troops , and claiming their rights in the English throne. Mariana shows her joy and supports the Archduke, hoping thereby to recover their lost power, so begins the war of English Succession, where the Hapsburgs lost and removed, Mariana, is in a difficult position on the official King of Spain, Philip V, who exiled to Bayonne, France, far from the Court and Spain, have to start leaving behind the memories of his youth and his time golden.

Exile in France is watched closely by Louis XIV, in total oblivion passes the last decades of his life in a last effort to try to return to Spain, drives marriage of his niece, Elizabeth Farnese to Felipe V, but despite that the marriage comes to be held in 1714, is not allowed to return to Spain, Philip V was the fear of renewed intrigue against him, did not intervene Elizabeth Farnese in the King's decision not to allow the return of the Queen Dowager, in 1739 the situation improved as it is allowed to return to Spain, but not to Madrid, old and sick is installed in the Palace of the Infantry in Guadalajara.

Mariana of Neuburg die of dry gangrene in the Palace of Infantry, in Guadalajara on July 16, 1740, after being married only ten years of Charles II, and for nearly forty years of widowhood. According to chronicles, his death was pleasant after devoutly receiving the last sacramentos.Mariana of Neuburg (Neuburg, 1667-Guadalajara, 1740), last English queen of the dynasty of Austria, was buried Infants in the Pantheon, the Palace of El Escorial, since as had failed to give an heir to the English crown, could not be buried in the Pantheon of the Kings, reserved exclusively for the Queen Mother. It

anecdotal Mariana of Neuburg (Neuburg, 1667-Guadalajara, 1740) to be buried in the Pantheon of Infants in El Escorial, was located precisely in front of Maria Luisa of Orleans, the first wife of Charles II, and his rival during their short marriage, although always late Charles and Mariana brought, as it could never forget.

Although the mausoleums of Maria Luisa de Orleans (Paris, 1662-Madrid, 1689) and Mariana of Neuburg (Neuburg, 1667-Guadalajara, 1740) are both of white marble of similar size, Maria Luisa is adorned with a lamb and a serpent, symbol of patience and prudence, both virtues it , while that of Mariana has no ornament that symbolizes his virtues, on the contrary may be representations of San Isidro and San Lorenzo ... virtues might not be such, to the disgrace of his conduct Mariana discredited to the point that no one gave him their support when he was exiled by Philip V, the first Queen of Spain to be exiled, died alone scorned by her family, people and their subjects.

Allegory

Carlos II and His Family (Mariana of Neuburg and his mother Mariana de Austria